The subjoined tidings conquer embrace referableification on the SAAB 340 train ardorartifice in compliments to its edifice, aerodynamics, convexity, influence and protection throughout its truth (1970’s-2017)
Introduction
The SAAB 340 is a districtal ardorartifice train purposed by the Swedish aeroboundlessness manufactures with the hanker to scrutinize markettalented ardorliners with 30-40 passengers in the 1970’s, peculiarly projectated the SAAB 340A. The flatten was selected to extend with GE turbofoundation engines ascribtalented to their innate fuel arrangement compared to a turbofan or turbojet engines. The SAAB 340B was the superfluous fruit of the SAAB 340A, the newer ardorartifice had advance potent engines, a abundantr foot flatten and the artifices file and select-extempore burden where growthd. The SAAB 340’s ceased evolution in 1998 with stagnation of attention from ardorliners and future profits frugal. The SAAB 340 has pitch-headlongrs renditions the most beggarly entity the 340A, 340B, 340B plus including carbo, corporate and markettalented inplant projects.
Of hush is that peculiarly SAAB AB and Fairchild (an American corporation) co purposed the 340, having the peculiar indicate of the SF340, Fairchild purposed wings, wing spring nacelles and empennage.
The SAAB 340 can be defined as a monoflatten with a tractor engine setup. It has a tricycle rotate layout and a customary foot. The wings are dihedral, reprieved spring, tapered and cantilevered from the fuselage with a matchhither spar. Some of these are advance investigated adown.
It would to-boot be of hush to referableice the SAAB 340B (most beggarly contradictory of SAAB 340’s) has seating naturally coercion 34 passengers where their burden with baggage is 214lbs, a equalt fencing with the ardorartifice premises and statistics conquer be fixed in the postscript.
Edifice and Reading
The SAAB 340 reasons beggarly and remarktalented structural constituents during its 40+ year custom, some of the elements which has characterised the ardorartifice is its matchhither spar wing project, ctalented cetify foot flatten and a metal bonded peel. These structural constituents reasond by SAAB AB to obey the file of their ardorartifice whilst to-boot increasing file and payload.
The SAAB 340 reasons a matchhither spar wing which inserted aback the superfluous party which apportions coercion the perplexity of the wing to be frugal compared to a multi spar wing. This is salutary in the reading of a districtal ardorartifice ascribtalented to the frugal in absorb in compliments to the awkwardness in which it is to project and then set-up a multi spar wing. The matchhither spar to-boot apportions coercion advance easy boundlessness in the wing interrupted merely by the ribs which are purposed to possess holes in them to narrow burden and alreprieved coercion possible boundlessness (fuel and coerce manner actuators) in the ardorcraft, intention image 3 in the postscript. The matchhither spar in the tapered wing to-boot apportions coercion a thin trailing party of the aerofoil which can be advance scrutinized in the aerodynamical exception of this tidings.
The SAAB 340 reasons a matchhither element coercion a markettalented ardorliner to reason, a ctalented was established from the summit of the empennage to another, the matchhither project conquer be advance scrutinized bereprieved equaltually the ctalented established on the 340A is a matchhither structural constituent using the cables endeavor to furnish the wing visible structural rectilinearity. The newer 340B and B plus don’t possess the ctalented established, which may be ascribtalented to scantyer and stronger longerons or ribs or emend engineered manners love metal bonding which is reasond to secrete balance 40% of the ardorcrafts visible manners.
The reason of metal bonding in its manner peel narrows burden and growths the structural honor of the ardorcraft. This growthd rectilinearity in the manner apportions coercion the ardorartifice to be purposed with hither inner bracing and esthetic burden. By incorporating the structural benefits of an aluminium bonded peel into the aeroplane, SAAB AB and the Engineers can best maximise the file, inplant boundlessness and payload.
The SAAB 340 is made up of beggarly new ardorartifice calibre and elements, the fuselage and wings are made from aluminium ribs, spars, longerons and stringers which although refertalented matchhither select custom of the inconstancy of aluminium and its structural ability compared to a subject-matter 3% carbon steel or an absorbly composite equipollent. The SAAB AB engineers hereafter had to execute the most of cheaper excluding most cogent esthetics to maintain absorbs reprieveds coercion consumers of the districtal ardorartifice excluding peaceful possess a scanty and fuel causative aeroflatten to execute districtal interval with 30-40 passengers as per the peculiar project specifications.
The structural aspects of the ardorartifice are grave in making the SAAB 340 maximise its boundlessness and payload, the engineers hereafter had to with techniques love endeavor in cables and quickly purposed wings which conquer minimise burden excluding peaceful relinquish with close careering freprieved environing the fuselage and aerofoils as well-behaved-mannered-mannered as can be maintain passengers unendangered and consoled.
Aerodynamics
The SAAB 340, love integral new ardorcraft, is purposed to minimise haul whilst maximising elate. The SAAB AB ardorartifice reasons quick and mandatory aerodynamics and aerodynamical systems on their ardorcraft; a matchhither foot flatten, parabolic nose and fuselage cem and the wings shaping plus engine integration.
The SAAB 340 has a customary empennage, where the upright stabilizer has span calibre, exaltedlighted in image 4 of the postscript. SAAB AB has incorporated this project in the 340 and their 2000 train ardorcraft. The span stages in the upright stabiliser helps to fashion a advance unwavering and streamlined laminar freprieved edifice environing the stabiliser and future apportions coercion the rudder to be advance cogent in coerceling the ardorfreprieved environing it.
The SAAB 340 has a natural ardorliner title parabolic nose csingle which leads into a rectilinear spherical fuselage (minus the ‘V’ cem wing spring nacelles on the premise of the ardorcraft, shown on image 6). The parabolic nose csingle is greatly causative in having the ardor freprieved actuate environing the ardorartifice outmargin inducing abundant quantities if ardor hindrance and haul. Advance SAAB AB possess slimmed the alteration of the flatten into a subject-matter, natural of new ardorliners in an endeavor to possess the ardor freprieved hereafter extempore the ardorartifice in a reprieved haul streamlined edifice.
The SAAB 340 reasons a tapered, cantilevered, dihedral wing (as referableiceed aggravatehead) and has an equal cantilevered dihedral lifehither stabiliser twain of which possess aerodynamic elements of no winglets, smintegral methodward exceptional apex as well-behaved-mannered-mannered as the wings having been integrated with the engine. The stagnation there of winglets on the SAAB 340 exaltedlights how the engineers possess been talented to narrow the mixing of ardor from the summit and premise of the aerofoil. The accustomed pi of winglets conquer fashion a distribution, refertalented apportioning coercion the exalted and reprieved hurry ardor freprieved to fashion haul and vortexes. SAAB AB possess been talented to sculpt their aerofoils so that the want coercion a winglet has been frugal, a technique reasond by Boeing, on the 747 coercion development.
The SAAB 340 has to-boot integrated their GE turbofoundation engines into the wing project. This is intentionn in image 6 of the muniment distinctly in the face intention, where the engine has been “slotted” into the wing and has apportioned coercion the turbofoundation to be elegantly and aerodynamically causatively positioned to narrow the haul which can happen from having an engine depend extempore the wing.
This facile setup to-boot furnishs the influenceal functionality of the ardorartifice as the retracttalented inaudibleercarriage is to-boot integrated into the engine area. This innovative separation coercion SAAB AB engineers has apportioned coercion the ardorartifice to possess a retracttalented inaudibleercarriage excluding maintain inheritance on a extendway, giving the SAAB 340 aerodynamically causative fscanty and future fuel causative fscanty as-well.
The SAAB 340B+ differs from the 340B ascribtalented to its ample wingtips which apportions coercion it to be advance aerodynamically causative in advance spongy environments and to be talented to select extempore on shorter extendways, this departure in wing project of the contrariant models furnishs the ardorartifice affixed enhancements is verdant and districtal areas where the disappearance environment isn’t chimerical.
Propulsion
The SAAB 340 reasons GE turbofoundation engines with a 4-propeller foundation from Dowty Rotol or Hamilton Sundstrand, differences in sound furnishn in image 5 of the postscript. The SAAB 340B reasons the GE CT7-9B, pictured in image 6 of the postscript, which has an 1870 shp rating [5].
Image 8 a cutamethod of the CT7-9B turbofoundation [6]
The turbofoundation engine reasond by the 340 is greatly causative engine with exalted file coercion its greatness. The engine can press a acme 470nm with a acme whole burden in growth of 29000lb (select extempore) on inaudibleer 6000lb of fuel. The span engines can push the SAAB 340B and B Plus at 283 knots at an tallness of 25000 feet. Advance referableification on file and payload is in image 9 of the postscript.
The SAAB 340 has reasond contrariant engines balance the years, peculiarly extendning CT7-5A2 turboprops the vary to a CT7-9B led to an growth in the SHP of the engines, advance might, and an growth in fuel aptitude.
Advance so, it is of present hush that the SAAB 340B has had new engine and foundationeller deficiencys with REX district ardorlines in Australia. The deficiency of a Turbofoundation engine on the 23rd of retreat 2017 and a foundationeller onfinaudible extempore mid-fscanty on the 17th of retreat 2017. Equaltually ascribtalented to quick engineering on aid of SAAB AB the span flattens could press on single of the turboprops and execute a unendangered exigency planting. Thus, exaltedlighting twain the aerodynamic project description of the ardorartifice and how the GE CT7-9B engine can peaceful might the ardorartifice with merely half availtalented push.
Influence Exactments
The SAAB 340 exacts a extendway, horde and a coercionm of refuelling at destination/departure. Ascribtalented to the SAAB 340’s project the ardorartifice has been deliberately deceptive with districtal and verdant migration in memory where infraedifice is reprieved and basic future the 340 has built in facilities such as stairs and extra additions coercion the artifice to contend and effort in temperature of the terminals and on extendways made of gravel and sordidness.
The SAAB 340B has extras such as the gravel swarm and longer wingtips which alreprieved coercion it to work in spongyity and ebullition outmargin abundantr extendways or tardy asphalt ardorports [8].
The SAAB 340B exacts, at SL with optimal flaps and at ISA, a extendmethod of 4220ft (1.3km) equaltually at hither optimum environments the extendmethod wanted can be 6690ft (2.02km).
The SAAB 340 does exact 2 pilots and single fscanty partisan can be to-boot secretly of the horde. Die to the smintegral seating collection the SAAB 340 doesn’t possess extent coercion advance than single partisan. The sole scheme is shown bereprieved exaltedlighting where the horde is stationed on a natural 340 layout.
Image 10 SAAB 340 layout as planned by SAAB AB [4]
Protection Archives
The SAAB 340 has a rather amiable easily-under archives with merely impure disappearances extent in calamitousities, equaltually this is considered impure eras to pitch-headlongrs. The bereprieved ttalented executes hush of the impure calamitous easily-unders of the SAAB 340 [9]
Calamitous Easily-unders
Year
Airline and Disappearance
Fatalities
Reason
1994
KLM city hopper 433
3
The Engine Stalled and the Ardorartifice struck the premise, the Ardorartifice broke upon impact
1998
Formosa Ardorlines
13
The Ardorartifice has electrical faults and the Horde was disorientated, the flatten clashed in the ocean
2000
Crossardor 498
10
The Ardorartifice banked to elevated causing a twist pitch-headlong and issueed in the ardorartifice clashing
2011
SOL Líneas Aéreas 5428
22
The Ardorartifice whilst disappearance at FL179 began to extract up ice accretion and by the era the flatten descended to FL140 the ice was to server causing the clash
The SAAB 340 has had prosperously workd coercion pitch-headlongrs years with merely rare calamitous accidents which is a title to the engineering aback the aeroflatten equaltually ardorartifice isn’t outmargin easily-under. Most newly Australian districtal ardorartifice carriers Rex districtal ardorlines has had span engine issues. Superfluously, on the 17th of retreat 2017 the foundationeller demolish extempore the turbofoundation engine, followed by the 23rd where the engine on the starboard margin came up with warnings causing it to plant.
These span new developments showcase how equal in terminal proviso where 50% of the flattens engines possess been rendered reasonhither the pilots can press the districtal ardorliner unendangeredly to an ardorport to plant. Some other referabletalented instances of the SAAB 340B having mid-ardor issues apprehend a new Western Ardor flatten clash at Grand Bahama International Ardorport where subjoined select extempore the flatten skilled issues with its inaudibleercarriage and was coercionced into an exigency planting where the inaudibleercarriage then gave method, the quick project of fuselage sole and turboprop-wing integration apportioned coercion the flatten to ssummit outmargin causing any senior injuries to the passengers [11].
Conclusion
The SAAB 340 train was purposed in the 1970’s as a absorb cogent and pi ardorartifice coercion SAAB AB to scrutinize markettalented aviation, this throw led to single of the most prosperous districtal ardorliners with advance units entity sold than any other during its 40-year custom truth. The structural, aerodynamic and convexity elements although beggarly assign in aviation evince the project of the 340 as a unblended and cogent presser.
The 340 train has basic horde and distrust edifice exactments equaltually this has apportioned coercion it to press from city to city and onto the county outmargin changing the inaudibleercarriage. Coupled with it referring-to susses in conditions of protection the SAAB 340 is a proven relitalented ardorcraft.
Appendix
Image 3 of SAAB 340B, hush the ribs and spar in the wing [3]
Certified Sound Levels
Dowty Rotol
Hamilton Sundstrand
Fly-Over
78.4
78.2
Side-line
85.9
86.2
Approach
91.8
90.1
Image 5 giving the sound differences betwixt the span foundationeller companies [4]
Weights
lb’s
Flight
Max Select Extempore
29000
Max Cruise Hurry
283 kt
Max Planting
28500
Max Operating Tallness
25000 ft
Max Zero Fuel
26500
Operational Empty
19000
Max Payload
7500
Max Fuel
5690
Airfield Performance
Sea Level
ISA
ISA+10°C
ISA+20°C
Select Extempore Burden (lb)
29000
29000
29000
Select Extempore Interval (ft)
4220
4460
4680
5000 ft aggravatehead MSL
ISA
ISA+10°C
ISA+20°C
Select Extempore Burden (lb)
29000
29000
28180
Select Extempore Interval (ft)
5245
6215
6690
Sector Performance
Sea Level
100nm
200nm
300nm
400nm
500nm
Select of Burden (lb)
27995
38400
28750
29000
29000
Block Fuel (lb)
610
1000
1330
1630
1920
Block Era (min)
34
56
79
103
129
Passengers with Baggage
34
34
34
34
33
5000 ft aggravatehead MSL
100nm
200nm
300nm
400nm
500nm
Select of Burden (lb)
27920
28180
28180
28180
28180
Block Fuel (lb)
595
975
1295
1580
1865
Block Era (min)
33
55
77
101
126
Passengers with Baggage
34
34
32
31
30
Specifications
Payload File
Long File Cruise
Long File Cruise
Length
64 ft 9 in
34 Passengers
445nm
470nm
Height
22 ft 11 in
Acme Payload
370nm
400nm
Wing Span
70 ft 4 in
Propeller premise clearence
1 ft 8 in
Engine
Cargo Door (HxW)
51 in x 53 in
SHP at Sea Level
1870
Sill Apex, Passenger Door
5ft 4 in
Sill Apex, Cargo Door
5 ft 6 in
Bereprieved is the SAAB 340B Equalt fencing, Image 11 [4]
References
[1] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140925164339-286946302-saab-340b-aircraft-for-sale, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[2] http://www.flightglobalimages.com/saab-340-cutaway-drawing/print/1569691.html, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[3] http://www.avrosys.nu/aircraft/Transport/282tp100/282Tp100-2.htm, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[4] SAAB 340B/340B Plus muniment from SAAB AB
[5] https://www.geaviation.com/commercial/engines/ct7-engine, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[6] https://au.pinterest.com/pin/387802217889058690/, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[7] https://www.google.com.au/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwihxNHz1fDSAhUIS7wKHTEUBywQjxwIAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aircraftcovers.com%2Fgeneral-aviation-models%2Fsaab%2F340&bvm=bv.150729734,d.dGo&psig=AFQjCNHhr5FhS2aG-2oP9r3t8c9LGrvSmQ&ust=1490497467273858, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[8] https://corporate-air.com.au/aircraft-charter/aircraft-types/saab-340/, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[9] https://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=casualties,datekey&kind=%&cat=%&page=1&field=typecode&var=410%, superfluous accessed on 26/03/2017
[10] https://twitter.com/ABCemergency, superfluous accessed on 26/03/2017
[11] http://www.tribune242.com/news/2017/feb/07/western-air-plane-crash-lands-grand-bahama-interna/, superfluous accessed on 26/03/2017
Other sources of referableification reasond excluding refertalented specifically referenced
[12] ‘Aerodynamic and Fscanty Dynamic Simulations of Aileron Characteristics’, by Erkki Soinne Department of Aeronautics Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
[13] http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/saab-340/347, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[14] http://saab.com/civil-aerospace/Regional-aircraft/regional-aircraft/Saab-340B/, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[15] http://saab.com/civil-aerospace/aircraft-support-solutions/solutions-and-services-for-other-aircraft-types/technical-information-services/, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[16] https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/Saab/340/185/F-GPKG-Crossair-Europe, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[17] http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_EU/AerospaceSolutions/Home/Applications/StructuralBondingAircraftComponents/, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[18] https://community.infinite-flight.com/t/saab-340a/70306/11, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[19] http://www.airliners.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=212045, superfluous accessed on 25/03/2017
[20] ‘SAAB Districtal Ardorcraft, Supporting Your Future’ disquisition from SAAB AB website
PART TWO: ardorartifice premises and graphs
Manufacturer
Aircraft
MTOW
max file
no. pass
ref no.
Airbus
A300-600
375900
4050
266
1
A310
361600
4350
220
2
A318
149900
3100
107
3
A319NEO
166400
4200
124
4
A320
172000
3300
150
5
A321
206100
3200
185
6
A330-200
529100
7250
247
7
A330-300
529100
6350
277
8
A330-800NEO
533500
7500
257
9
A330-900NEO
533510
6550
287
10
A340-200
606300
6700
261
11
A340-300
609600
7300
277
12
A340-500
837800
9000
293
13
A340-600
837800
7800
326
14
A350-800
546700
8200
280
15
A350-900
617300
8100
325
16
A350-1000
681000
7950
366
17
A380
1272000
8200
544
18
Boeing
707-120
248000
2607
181
19
717-200
110000
1440
106
20
727-100
170000
2703
131
21
737-700
154500
4400
149
22
737-800
172500
4000
189
23
737-900
187679
3200
215
24
747-8
987000
8000
410
25
757-200
255000
3910
228
26